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Hyperelastic constitutive models

Hyperelastic constitutive models are completely defined by a Helmholtz free energy density function of the deformation gradient.

Satisfying the second law of thermodynamics (here, equivalent to extremized or zero dissipation) yields a relation for the stress.

Consequently, the tangent stiffness associated with the first Piola-Kirchhoff stress is symmetric for these constitutive models.